Follow Zelensky's Approval Ratings

 

At a press conference today, President Trump is recorded as saying:

"The leader in Ukraine is down at 4% approval ratings. Wouldn't the people of Ukraine need to have an election? Ukraine is being wiped out." source

Numbers and proper nouns make the best search terms. This goes for speculative searching (searching for something where you aren't sure you'll find it) and investigative searching (evaluating information you found).  But it's not all as easy as searching for a number.

In this case, if you search for 4% approval ratings Trump OR Ukraine, you'll retrieve the quote found above and other reporters' coverage of the news conference. This doesn't mean that because the number appears in multiple locations it should be taken as a fact (the only fact is that Trump said it).

In order to check if 4% is, in fact, the current approval rating of Ukraine's leader, a better query would be:

Zelensky approval rating

Some of the results will be about Trump's press conference remarks since that is fresh news as of today. Examining the first page of results (in Google):

Fox News: Zelenskyy faces perilous re-election odds as US, Russia ... 

Mujtaba Rahman on X: "Where is this 4% approval rating ... 

The New York Times: Zelensky Could Face Tough Re-election Prospects, Polls ...

Statista: Volodymyr Zelenskyy's approval rating in Ukraine 2019-2024 

Yahoo: Donald Trump claims Zelensky only has a 4% approval rating 

The Brussels Times: Ukraine: President Zelenskyy's popularity took a dip in...

The articles may be skimmed to see if they are just reporting what Trump said, or have additional information on Zelensky's approval ratings.  Fox News, the thread on X, the New York Times, Statisa and the Brussels Times are all in agreement: Zelensky's approval ratings (last time they were sampled in Dec. 2024) placed him at a 50% approval rating. This was down 40% since the start of the conflict in 2022.

Remember what's important here: President Trump did not take a survey, he reported on one. His numbers don't agree with any other sources. Where did he come up with the number 4%. That is a question no one in the room asked him. But plenty of sources fact checked him before passing along his erroneous claim.

This analysis from Statisa comes to a different conclusion:  

October 2024, nearly seven out of ten Ukrainians approved of the activities of Volodymyr Zelenskyy as the president of the country.

Coming Up Empty: Where's the Evidence?

 

A good test case for trust comes when a claim is made and no evidence is provided.

Take for instance two statements made by Elon Musk today in the Oval Office and reported on numerous news services:

• Some officials at the now-gutted U.S. Agency for International Development had been taking “kickbacks.” Musk said “quite a few people” in that agency somehow had “managed to accrue tens of millions of dollars in net worth while they are in that position.” 
• Musk also claimed that some recipients of Social Security checks were as old as 150.

No specific examples or fraud or evidence for the claims were provided. So what do you do?

1. Do do know Musk personally? If so, you may have some important context to make up for the missing information. Does he have a history of telling you things that are factual or not? Most people don't have a relationship with Musk, so few can use "personal knowledge" to decide if the information source can be believed.
2. Can you check out the information to determine if it can be trusted or not? Lacking evidence makes this hard to do. This is an evolving news situation--there is only anecdotal information provided by one person.
3. Do you believe the information without evidence, taking it on blind faith that other people in room (e.g., Trump) goes along with it? Note that Trump doesn't exactly corroborate Musk's claim and was surprised at the results: 

   [President Trump] said he thought it was “crazy” that DOGE has been able to find so much fraud and waste in the federal government, arguing “we had no idea we were going to find this much.”  source

Couple this with another statement Musk made when asked about the truth of other claims he has made:

“Some of the things that I say will be incorrect and should be corrected. Nobody’s going to bat 1.000,” Mr. Musk said. “We all make mistakes. But we’ll act quickly to correct any mistakes.” source

Whenever you come up empty on evidence and lack a personal history with an information source, it's never a good idea uncritically to accept the information on blind faith. It's impossible to make an informed choice when evidence is lacking. 

What evidence can you find to fill those empty hands?

Addendum: On Feb. 12, 2025, the New York Times posted this fact-checking article regarding Musk's statements: https://www.nytimes.com/2025/02/11/us/elon-musk-doge-fact-check.html

How do you test trust?

February 9, 2025

How do you decide what is a truth and what is a lie?

Trust

The lead question is essentially the same as asking, "what information do you trust?" The usual answers include:

• I trust someone I know who has a proven track record of saying trustworthy things--in other words, I believed them and it turned out well.
• I trust someone or some organization I don't know personally who has a good reputation--others report trusting them and believe it turned out well.

Today there is a lot of disagreement in current politics, religion, society and culture about who to trust. People have opposite views about individuals, news sources, and authorities. The question to ask isn't "Do I trust them?" but "if I believe them, what happens?" At some point everyone has to act on the information they receive, otherwise there is no going forward.

The test for trustworthiness is "Do the results make this source one I can continue to trust?" The danger in this approach is that you may waste your time, money, or be physically harmed (e.g., walking on thin ice).

Authority

What makes someone an authority? This is nearly identical to knowing how to trust someone.

• I know the person and he or she tells me reliable things that I can verify by trying them.
• I've never had personal experience with the person (or organization) but people who I respect tell me they are a reliable authority.

It's impossible to know everyone. People we are close to are the easiest to trust (or mistrust) because we have first hand information about them. We aren't close to the majority of information sources in our world, therefore we depend on sources we think we know something about to tell us if the information from others is reliable. 

Here's where a lot of erroneous assumptions get made. 

Unless we do our own research we cannot know if something we believe to be true can be trusted. That's hard work. It's a lot easier to believe stuff we see or hear that agrees with things we already value.

So here's something to try: act on the information you want to test. Either read up on it from a variety of sources, or just trust your gut. See what results you get. But be careful, something may happen you don't expect or want. Take small steps at first--is the information something you can trust? Then share your findings with others who trust you.

In the days ahead, we'll apply this test to claims made online by individuals and organizations we don't know personally.

Fooled by AI?

Opportunities to be misled by online information appears to be on the rise, according to 1,000 American teens who participated in the following study by Common Sense Media.

Research Brief: Teens, Trust, and Technology in the Age of AI

January 29, 2025

Several highlights:

• Over a third of the teens report being misled by fake content online
• Close to 6 in 10 teens express "doubt that tech companies will prioritize their mental health and well-being over profits"
• One in five teens reports sharing information they later learned was fake
  
• Teens in the study advocate for stronger safeguards around AI technology
  

These teens' realizations are worth factoring into conversations around the content verification efforts, or lack thereof, of online platform providers. The implication is that content trust very much matters to our current 13 - 18 year olds.

Facts v. Speculation

Case Studies in the News

As individuals and news outlets report on the tragic mid-air collision of American Airlines Flight 5342 and a military helicopter, very different responses help to illustrate the accuracy and reliability of information cited.

Facts

Source: Associated Press -- "Skaters Jinna Han and Spencer Lane were among those killed, along with their mothers, and coaches Evgenia Shishkova and Vadim Naumov, said Doug Zeghibe, CEO of the Skating Club of Boston, during a Thursday news conference."

Noteworthy in this report is the presence of names that may easily be fact-checked. Proper nouns and numbers are excellent terms for investigative searching, as they may be corroborated--or not--by other sources.

Speculation

Source: CBS News -- "Asked directly how he came to the conclusion that diversity had something to do with the crash, Mr. Trump replied, 'because I have common sense.'"

Noteworthy in this report is the lack of evidence cited and in its place the role of common sense. Common sense may seem trustworthy to the person who cites it, but there are many examples when common sense fails to foresee or prevent unwanted results. Furthermore, there is no way to fact check a personal belief about common sense other than to trust the person responsible or doubt that common sense is always right.

Become a Host Site

 

Your organization may now purchase resources and tools that we developed over the past 20+ years to strengthen information fluency. If you've found our live search challenges, keyword challenges tutorials (how to query, evaluate information and avoid plagiarism) and citation wizards useful with your students (and staff) you can keep them alive on your own site.

A few assets have been removed, but most of our site is still up and running, mainly because potential partners are considering which assets they want to host on their own sites.

 

If you also have an interest in obtaining the rights to materials we created, please write to Carl Heine, managing partner at carl@21cif.com.

 

More info and prices here: Product Information

The end of an era: Information Fluency is closing

 

On April 25, 2024, 21st Century Information Fluency will close its site. After 23 years, having supported countless librarians and teachers with resources for navigating the fast-moving waters of the Internet and helping students find, evaluate and use information ethically, we will no longer be accessible.

If your institution is interested in in acquiring any of our training resources or tools (e.g., Citation Wizards, MicroModules, Search Challenges, etc.) please contact us to find out more: carl@21cif.com